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WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TREATY OF LAUSANNE?
After the victory in the war of independence, the Treaty of Lausanne on 24 July 1923 Lausanne, Switzerland, in the city of Turkey, Grand National Assembly with representatives of the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Portugal, Belgium, and was signed by the representatives of Yugoslavia. With the Treaty of Lausanne, the Anatolian lands lost by the Ottomans in the Treaty of Sèvres were regained.
The Lausanne Treaty, which is of great importance in the history of our country, is 98 years old. The Treaty of Lausanne, signed on July 24, 1923, is a continuation of our country’s victory in the war of Independence. Lausanne, in Atatürk’s words, became “a turning point in Turkish history”.
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TERMS OF THE TREATY OF LAUSANNE
The borders drawn up in the Ankara Agreement signed with the French were adopted.
Iraqi border: since a treaty could not be reached on Mosul, the Government of Britain and Turkey decisively agreed on this issue.
Turkish-Greek border: Mudanya was adopted as set out in the Armistice treaty. Elm station and Bosnaköy, west of the Meriç River, were given to Turkey as war reparations in response to the destruction of Greece in western Anatolia.
Islands: Gökçeada and Bozcaada were subject to an autonomous administration (Turkey did not implement this article of the treaty) in Turkey, while the other Aegean islands remained in Italy. It was agreed that Italy would disarm the islands near the Turkish border. By the Treaty of Sèvres, the Dodecanese were left to Italy, and the other islands to Greece. The Dodecanese and Rhodes fell into Allied hands in 1945 and were formally handed over to Greece in April 1947.
Turkey-Iran border: it was determined according to the Treaty of Qasr-i Shirin signed on May 17, 1639 between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid State.
Capitulations: all removed.
Minorities: in the Lausanne peace treaty, minorities are designated as non-Muslims. All minorities were considered Turkish nationals and no privileges would be granted. 40 of the treaty. “Turkish nationals belonging to non-Muslim minorities will enjoy the same transactions and guarantees as other Turkish nationals, both in terms of law and in practice. In particular, to pay the costs themselves, any charitable organizations with all kinds of religious and social institutions, schools and similar educational institutions to establish, manage, and control making around freely and to freely use their language and shall have equal rights in matters of religious rituals.”[6] It was decided to exchange the Turks in Western Thrace, except the Greeks in Istanbul, the Greeks in Anatolia and Eastern Thrace and the Turks in Greece.
War reparations: Entente States, I. Because of World War II, they gave up the war reparations they wanted. Only Greece gave the Elm region as war reparations.
Ottoman debts: Ottoman debts were divided among the states that decoupled from the Ottoman Empire. It was decided that the section falling to Turkey would be paid in installments and in French francs. Representatives of the defeated German Empire and Austro-Hungarian Empire States who were in the administrative delegation of Duyun-u Umumiye were removed from the administrative board and the activities of the institution were continued and new duties were given together with the treaty. (Lausanne Peace Treaty Article 45,46,47 … 55, 56).
Straits: Straits are the most discussed topic throughout the negotiations. Eventually, a temporary solution was introduced. Accordingly, non-military ships and aircraft would be able to pass through the Straits in peacetime. Both sides of the Straits were Demilitarized and an International Council, whose president was Turkish, was created to ensure the transition, and it was decided that these rules would be maintained under the guarantee of the league of Nations. Thus, Turkish troops were forbidden to enter the Straits region. This provision was amended by the Montreux Straits Convention, signed in 1936.
Foreign schools: it was decided to continue their education in accordance with the laws set by Turkey.
Patriarchates: the Patriarchate, the religious leader of the world’s Orthodox, was cleared of its political powers and allowed to remain in Istanbul.
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TALKS FOR POST-VICTORY PEACE BEGIN
After the victory of the Turkish Grand National Assembly Government against the Greek forces, the Mudanya armistice was signed. After that, the Entente States, which were on the side of Sevres, invited the government of the parliament to a peace conference that would be convened in Lausanne on October 28, 1922. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk appointed Ismet Pasha to discuss the terms of peace in Lausanne. Ismet Pasha, who also participated in the Mudanya talks, went to Lausanne as the chief representative. In this process, Ismet Pasha became the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the work was accelerated. Although the Entente States called on the Istanbul government to put pressure on the Turkish Grand National Assembly government in Lausanne, the Turkish Grand National Assembly government, reacting to this situation, abolished the rule on November 1, 1922.
The conference of Lausanne pact to achieve parliamentary government in Turkey to prevent the creation of an Armenian state, the removal of the capitulations with the problems between Turkey and Greece (Western Thrace, Aegean islands, population change, war reparations) to solve the problems between Turkey and the European states (economic, political, legal) aimed to solve the capitulations and if no agreement is reached about the Armenian homeland, decided to interrupt negotiations.
The first negotiations, which began on 20 November 1922 in Lausanne, focused on Ottoman debts, the Turkish – Greek border, The Straits, Mosul, minorities and capitulations, but did not reach agreement on the abolition of capitulations, the evacuation of Istanbul and Mosul.
Negotiations were interrupted on 4 February 1923 after the parties refused to make concessions on the main issues. Of course, this raised the possibility of war. Commander-in-chief Field Marshal Mustafa Kemal Pasha ordered the Turkish army to begin preparations for war, declaring that if the Soviet Union went to war again, it would go to war on Turkey’s side. Minority representatives led by Haim Nahum Efendi also supported Turkey and became mediators. The Entente States, unable to afford a new war and their own public reaction, called on Turkey again to Lausanne to restart peace talks.
Negotiations decisively between the parties resumed on 23 April 1923. The negotiations continued until 24 July 1923, which resulted in the signing of the Lausanne peace treaty. The agreement signed between the representatives of the parties to international agreements of the parties in accordance with the country’s laws that require to be approved by parliament and has been discussed in the Parliament of Turkey on 23 August 1923, Greece on 25 August 1923 by by Italy on 12 March 1924, Japan on 15 May 1924 it was signed by. Britain ratified the Treaty on 16 July 1924. The agreement entered into force on 6 August 1924, after the documents were formally submitted to Paris for approval by all parties.
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A UNIQUE VICTORY
“This treaty is a document against the Turkish nation that reports that a great assassination, which has been prepared for centuries and is thought to have been completed by the Treaty of Sevres, has been inconclusive. It is a work of unprecedented political victory!”
” Lausanne is a turning point in Turkish history, “Atatürk said, and on July 26, 1927, he wanted Lausanne to be celebrated as a” national holiday”. Lausanne, between 1924 and 1950, was celebrated exactly 27 years, although not officially, as a decidedly national holiday. After 1950, the celebrations ended.
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THE ONLY ANSWER: INDEPENDENCE
Turkey went to Lausanne as the winner of the war of independence, while the Allies left Turkey as the 1st. He saw it as the defeat of World War II. Everyone at the table was united in the anti-Turkey front. Ismet Pasha rejected the offer with the approval of Ankara. Lord Curzon, the UK Foreign Secretary, said: “Ismet gave the same answer to everything we said: Independence.”
The Lausanne conference was then interrupted on 4 February 1923. Ismet Pasha and his delegation returned to Turkey. The conference resumed on 23 April 1923. It took three months. On 24 July 1923, the Treaty of Lausanne was signed. Today’s borders of Turkey were drawn by the Treaty of Lausanne. Capitulations were removed. Our economic, political, judicial and legal independence was achieved through the Treaty of Lausanne. Lausanne was recognized as the founding Treaty of the Republic of Turkey.
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Turkey's world-renowned organ transplant specialist. Dr. Demirbaş has 104 international publications and 102 national publications.
Physician's Resume:
Born on August 7, 1963 in Çorum, Prof. Dr. Alper Demirbaş has been continuing his work as the President of MedicalPark Antalya Hospital Organ Transplantation Center since 2008.
Prof. who performed the first tissue incompatible kidney transplant in Turkey, the first blood type incompatible kidney transplant, the first kidney-pancreas transplant program and the first cadaveric donor and live donor liver transplant in Antalya. Dr. As of August 2016, Alper Demirbaş has performed 4900 kidney transplants, 500 liver transplants and 95 pancreas transplants.
In addition to being the chairman of 6 national congresses, he has also been an invited speaker at 12 international and 65 national scientific congresses. Dr. Alper Demirbaş was married and the father of 1 girl and 1 boy.
Awards:
Eczacibasi Medical Award of 2002, Akdeniz University Service Award of 2005, Izder Medical Man of the Year Award of 2006, BÖHAK Medical Man of the Year Award of 2007, Sabah Mediterranean Newspaper Scientist of the Year Award of 2007, ANTIKAD Scientist of the Year Award of 2009, Social Ethics Association Award of 2010, Işık University Medical Man of the Year Award of 2015, VTV Antalya's Brand Value Award of 2015.
Certificates:
Doctor of Medicine Degree Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Ankara, General Surgeon Ministry of Health Turkey EKFMG (0-477-343-8), University of Miami School of Medicine Member of Multiple Organ Transplant, ASTS Multiorgan Transplant Scholarship. Lecturer at Kyoto University. Lecturer at University of Essen, Research assistant at the University of Cambridge .
Professional Members:
American Society of Transplant Surgeons, American Transplantation Society Nominated, Middle East and Southern Africa Council Transplantation Society 2007, International Liver Transplantation Association, Turkish Transplantation Association, Turkish Society of Surgery, Turkish Hepatobiliary Surgery Association.
Disclaimer:
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